![]() In IPv4 over Ethernet, the sender or receiver protocol address refers to the IP address of the sender or receiver. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides this resolution. There must be a mapping of the address of R in protocol Ps address space to a 48-bit Ethernet address, to get the Ethernet address of R. If a protocol P on a host S wants to send some information to another host R on the network, S needs to find out the Ethernet address of R before it can transmit the packet. Performing ARP Cache Poisoning With ScapyĪt the lowest level, a switch connects a bunch of hosts together.ZAP provides a wide range of features and is a completely free option for performing these attacks.A Look into Arp Cache Poisoning and Using It to Perform MITM Attack ZAP is a useful tool for sniffing and spoofing due to its ability to perform interception and modification of HTTP(S) traffic. Like Burp Suite, ZAP is a penetration testing tool designed to help with the identification and exploitation of vulnerabilities within web applications. The executable named Zaproxy on Kali Linux is OWASP’s Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP). Additionally, the URL remapping performed by Sslstrip can redirect users to phishing sites, setting up a second-stage attack. Stripping SSL/TLS from web traffic or switching it to a URL under the attacker’s control makes it possible to sniff this traffic for valuable data. The use of Sslstrip can provide a couple of different benefits to an attacker. It then modifies the traffic to remap these links to similar HTTP URLs or homograph-similar HTTPS links. Sslstrip monitors the traffic flowing over the network and looks for HTTPS links and redirects contained within HTTP pages. Sslstrip is a tool built into Kali Linux to help mitigate the impacts of SSL/TLS on sniffing and spoofing. However, these features that are useful for an internet user are a nuisance for a penetration tester or other cyberattacker. It encrypts network traffic and authenticates the server in an HTTPS connection. SSL/TLS is a protocol that provides several useful security and privacy features. Paying for a license provides access to a wider suite of tools (such as a web vulnerability scanner) and support for automation. The basic tools are available for free, but attacks need to be performed manually without the ability to save work. Burp Proxy allows interception and modification of HTTP connections and offers support for HTTPS interception as well.īurp Suite works on a freemium model. One tool in Burp Suite that is useful for sniffing and spoofing attacks is the Burp Proxy. It is focused on the security analysis of web applications. mitmproxy also supports the interception of HTTPS traffic with SSL certificates created on the fly.īurp Suite is a suite of several different tools for penetration testing. It allows on-the-fly capture and modification of HTTP traffic, supports client and server traffic replay, and includes the ability to automate attacks with Python. ![]() Kali Linux’s mitmproxy makes it easier to perform MitM attacks on web traffic. All traffic that flows over that connection passes through the attacker, potentially enabling them to eavesdrop on the traffic and modify the data flowing over the network. In a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack, the attacker interjects themselves into communication between a client and a server. This can help with understanding the network layout, capturing leaked credentials and other activities. ![]() ![]() Wireshark is a valuable tool for sniffing because it provides deep visibility into network traffic, either from a capture file or a live capture. On top of this, Wireshark also offers several different features for traffic analysis, including statistical analysis and the ability to follow network sessions or decrypt SSL/TLS traffic. This makes it possible for users with even limited network knowledge to understand what they are looking at. These enable the tool to analyze many common and uncommon protocols, break out the various fields in each packet and present them within an accessible graphical user interface (GUI). One of the major differentiators of Wireshark is its large library of protocol dissectors. Wireshark is a network traffic analysis tool with an extremely wide feature set. Wireshark is one of the most well-known and commonly-used tools for sniffing and spoofing. These are some of the best sniffing and spoofing tools built into Kali. Kali Linux offers a long list of tools for sniffing and spoofing network traffic. Kali Linux tools for sniffing and spoofing
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